What does actually the Twin Spark badge mean on vehicles by Alfa Romeo?
This badge is used by Alfa Romeo to mark their cars driven by their gasoline engines with dual ignition system. This technology was first used in 1914 in an Alfa's race car, but its highest point lasted from the mid 80's to the end of the 2000's when they were replaced by JTS engines which added a high pressure nozzle into the cylinder, instead of one of the spark plugs.
All the Twin Spark engines are 4-cylinder inline, but there are two basic types of them: older 8-valve one and a newer 16-valve. The first type are the original Alfa Romeo in-house design with one intake and one exhaust valve per cylinder and it relies on on two identical spark plugs placed in the center of valve axis. This boosts performance providing better usage of the mixture. The other one, newer approach is based on FIAT engine blocks and classical DOHC design with 4 valves per cylinder. Here the main spark plug is placed in the center of the combustion chamber, while the other, a smaller diameter one, is found on the very edge of the cylinder, between the two valves. This approach doesn't do much performance-wise, but it affects smooth idling, even with a very lean mixture. That obviously affects fuel economy in a positive manner, at the same time reducing undesired emissions.